DINOGLYPHS - Prehistoric Creatures Documented by the Ancient Man
KENGÄN KOKO EU US UK
http://www.i18nguy.com/l10n/shoes.html
Adult Mens and Womens
Shoe Size Conversion Table
M/W indicates
Men's or Women's Sizes. Other systems are for either gender.
Shoe-size-conversion-table-UK-US-EU-Japan-Korea-Russia-Mexico-Inches-Cm
Girl's Shoe Sizes
Boys Shoe Sizes
Kengän kokotaulukko
Kansainvälinen muunnostaulukko
A shoe size is an alphanumerical indication of the fitting size of a shoe for a person.
Often it just consists of a number indicating the length because many shoemakers only provide a standard width for economic reasons.
There are several different shoe-size systems that are used worldwide. These systems differ in what they measure, what unit of measurement they use, and where the size 0 (or 1) is positioned. Only a few systems also take the width of the feet into account. Some regions use different shoe-size systems for different types of shoes (e.g., men's, women's, children's, sport, or safety shoes).
The length of a foot is commonly defined as the distance between two parallel lines that are perpendicular to the foot and in contact with the most prominent toe and the most prominent part of the heel. Foot length is measured with the subject standing barefoot and the weight of the body equally distributed on both feet.
The size of the left and right foot is often slightly different. In this case, both feet are measured, and the shoe size is based upon the larger foot.
Each size of shoe is suitable for a small interval of foot lengths. The inner cavity of a shoe must typically be 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) longer than the foot, but this relation varies between different types of shoes.
There are three characteristic lengths that a shoe-size system can refer to:
The median length of feet for which a shoe is suitable. For customers, this measure has the advantage of being directly related to their body measures. It applies equally to any type, form, or material of shoe. However, this measure is less popular with manufacturers,[citation needed] because it requires them to test carefully for each new shoe model, for which range of foot sizes it is recommendable. It puts on the manufacturer the burden of ensuring that the shoe will fit a foot of a given length.
The length of the inner cavity of the shoe. This measure has the advantage that it can be measured easily on the finished product. However, it will vary with manufacturing tolerances and provides the customer only very crude information about the range of foot sizes for which the shoe is suitable.
The length of the "last," the foot-shaped template over which the shoe is manufactured. This measure is the easiest one for the manufacturer to use, because it identifies only the tool used to produce the shoe. It makes no promise about manufacturing tolerances or for what size of foot the shoe is actually suitable. It leaves all responsibility and risk of choosing the correct size with the customer. Further, the last can be measured in several different ways resulting in different measurements.[1]
All these measures differ substantially from one another for the same shoe.
Sizing systems also differ in what units of measurement they use. This also results in different increments between shoe sizes because usually, only "full" or "half" sizes are made.
The following length units are commonly used today to define shoe-size systems:
The Paris point equals to ⅔ centimetres (6.6 mm or ~0.26 in). Usually, only full sizes are made, resulting in an increment of ⅔ centimetre. This unit is commonly used in Continental Europe.
The barleycorn is an old English unit that equals to ⅓ inch (8.46 mm). Half sizes are commonly made, resulting in an increment of 1⁄6 inch (4.23 mm). This unit is the base for the English and the U.S. sizing system.
Further, metric measurements in centimetres (cm) or millimetres (mm) are used. The increment is usually 0.5 cm (5 mm or ~0.20 in), which is between the step size of the Parisian and the English system. It is used with the international Mondopoint system and with the Asian system.
Due to the different units of measurements, converting between different sizing systems results in round-off errors as well as unusual sizes such as "10⅔".
The sizing systems also place size 0 (or 1) at different locations:
If size 0 is placed at a foot's length of 0, the shoe size is directly proportional to the length of the foot in the chosen unit of measurement. Sizes of children's, men's, and women's shoes, as well as sizes of different types of shoes, can be compared directly. This is used with the Mondopoint and the Asian system.
However, size 0 can also represent a length of the shoe's inner cavity of 0. The shoe size is then directly proportional to the inner length of the shoe. This is used with systems that also take the measurement from the shoe. While sizes of children's, men's and women's shoes can be compared directly, this is not necessarily true for different types of shoes that require a different amount of "wiggle room." This is used with the Continental European system.
Further, size 0 (or 1) can just be a shoe with a given length, typically the shortest length deemed practical. This can be different for children's, teenagers's, men's, and women's shoes, making it impossible to compare sizes. For example, a women's shoe at size 8 is a different length from a men's shoe at size 8.
Some systems also include the width of a foot. There are different methods indicating the width:
The measured width is indicated in millimetres (mm). This is done with the Mondopoint system.
The measured width is assigned a letter (or combination of letters), which is taken from a table (indexed to length and width) or just assigned on an ad-hoc basis: Examples include (each starting with the narrowest width):
The exact foot width for which these sizes are suitable can vary significantly between manufacturers. The A-E width indicators used by some US and UK shoe manufacturers are typically based on the width of the foot, and common step sizes are 1/16 of an inch.
The International Standard is ISO 9407:1991, Shoe sizes—Mondopoint system of sizing and marking,[2] that recommend a shoe-size system known as Mondopoint.
It is based on the mean foot length and width for which the shoe is suitable, measured in millimetres. A shoe size of 280/110 indicates a mean foot length of 280 millimetres (11 in) and width of 110 millimetres (4.3 in).
Because Mondopoint also takes the foot width into account, it allows for better fitting than most other systems. It is, therefore, used by NATO and other military services.
European standard EN 13402, used also for clothes, recommends, instead, that shoes be labelled with the interval of foot lengths for which they are suitable, measured in centimetres.
Shoe size in the United Kingdom (British size) is based on the length of the last, measured in barleycorn (approx 1/3 inch) starting from the smallest practical size, which is size zero. It is not formally standardised.
A child's size zero is equivalent to a hand (4 in, 12 barleycorns or 10.16 cm), and the sizes go up to size 13½ (8½ in or 21.59 cm). Thus, the calculation for a child shoe size in the UK is:
An adult size one is then the next size up (8⅔ in or 22.01 cm) and each size up continues the progression in barleycorns.[3] The calculation for an adult shoe size in the UK is thus:
In North America, there are different systems that are used concurrently. The size indications are usually similar but not exactly equivalent, especially with athletic shoes at extreme sizes.
The traditional system is similar to English sizes but start counting at one rather than zero, so equivalent sizes are one greater. (This is similar to the way that floors in buildings are numbered from one rather from zero (ground) in these regions).
So the calculation for a male shoe size in the USA or Canada is:
[citation
needed]
Women's sizes are almost always determined with the "common" scale, in which women's sizes are equal to men's sizes plus 1.5 (for example, a men's 10.5 is a women's 12). In other words:
In the less popular scale, known as the "standard" or "FIA" (Footwear Industries of America) scale, women's sizes are men's sizes plus 1 (so a men's 10.5 is a women's 11.5).
Children's sizes are equal to men's sizes plus 12.33. Thus, girls' and boys' sizes do not differ, even though men's and women's do.
Children's shoe stores in the United States use a sizing scheme which ends at 13, after which it starts at 1 again as adult sizes.
A slightly different sizing method is based on a measurement device designed by shoe seller Charles Brannock.Many are now found in shoe stores. Men's size 1 is equivalent to a foot's length of 7 ⅔ in;[4] women's sizes are one size up.
[citation
needed]
The method also measures the length of the distance of the heel and the widest point of the foot. For that purpose, the device has another, shorter scale at the side of the foot. If this scale indicates a larger size, it is taken in place of the foot's length.[5]
For children's sizes, additional wiggle room is added to allow for growth.[5]
The device also measures the width of the foot and assigns it designations of AAA, AA, A, B, C, D, E, EE, or EEE. The widths are 1/16 in apart and differ by shoe length.[4]
Some makers of athletic shoes, such as Nike, Reebok, or Fila, use an increment of 5 mm instead of half a barleycorn (4.23 mm)[6] As with other systems, women's sizes are one size up.
There are different sizes for children's and youths' shoes, for example, Nike uses the following:
It is obvious that due to the different increments, the sizes can be similar to “normal” US sizes only for medium shoe sizes. For shoes that are larger or smaller, the sizes deviate substantially.
The Continental European system is used in France, Germany,[7] Italy, Spain,[8] and most other continental European countries.
In this system, the shoe size is the length of the last, expressed in Paris points, for both genders and for adults and children alike. Because a Paris point is ⅔ of a centimetre, the formula is as follow:
Based on foot length, one must first add about 1.5 cm.
The Asian system is based on metric measurements and standardised as JIS S 5037:1998, CNS 4800, S 1093, or KS M 6681. Foot length and girth are taken into account.[9]
The foot length is indicated in centimetres; an increment of 5 mm is used. This system was also used in the GDR.
The length is followed by designators for girth (A, B, C, D, E, EE, EEE, EEEE, F, G), which is taken from a table indexed to girth and length. There are different tables for men's, women's, and children's (less than 12 years of age) shoes. The tables also include the width as supplemental indications. Not all designators are used for all genders and in all countries. For example, the largest girth for women in China is EEEE, whereas in Japan, it is F.
In Japan, one maker also adds an indication for the foot width: N (narrow), M (medium), and W (wide).[10]
Please, note that the following tables indicate theoretical sizes calculated from the standards and information given above. Differences between these tables and makers' tables or other tables found on the Web are usually due to the following factors:
The systems are not fully standardised. Differences between shoes from different makers, which are due to different methods of measuring the shoes, different manufacturing processes, or different allowances[1] are sometimes related to different countries. A “German” size may then differ from a “French” size, although both countries use the Continental European system.
Different widths may have the result that for wide feet, a shoe multiple sizes larger (and actually too long) may be required. This may also result in different size indications, especially if different typical widths are attributed to different sizing systems or countries.
Some tables for children take future growth into account. The shoe size is then larger than what would correspond to the actual length of the foot.[5]
A indication in centimetres or inches can mean the length of the foot or the length of the shoe's inner cavity. This relation is not constant but varies due to different amounts of wiggle room required for different sizes of shoes.
There are several U.S. systems, which differ substantially for sizes far above or below medium sizes.
Further, some tables available on the Web simply contain errors. For example, the wiggle room or different zero point is not taken into account, or tables based on different U.S. systems (traditional and athletic) are simply combined although they are incompatible.
Example: A child's foot that is 185 millimetres (7.3 in) long requires a shoe that is about 15 millimetres (0.59 in) longer. The inner length of 200 millimetres (7.9 in) is EU shoe size 30 or UK size 11.5.
The Mondopoint system is the same as measuring the foot (not the shoe) in Millimeters (or Millimetres, mm.). However, some companies treat Mondopoint as Centimeters (Centimetres, cm.). So a shoe may be labeled either 240 (mm) or 24 (cm) if it is designed for a foot that is 240 millimeters long (including some wiggle room for socks). You may see mondopoint sizes with two numbers separated by a slash, e.g. 240/95. The second number is the width of the foot in millimeters.
American Women's shoe sizes are the same as American Men's shoe sizes plus 1½.
Canadian shoe sizes are equivalent (identical) to American shoe sizes for both Adult and Children's, Men and Women.
Mexican shoe sizes plus 1½ are the same as American Men's shoe sizes.
British shoe sizes plus 1 are the same as American Men's shoe sizes. However, I see many tables using a formula of British size plus 1½. Check with the manufacturer.
I saw one table on the web indicating British womens running shoe sizes were 1.5 plus mens size. I think this is incorrect and mistakenly applied the United States sizing rule to the U.K.
Japanese shoes sizes are American Men's shoes sizes plus 18. (Some companies say add 19.)
Europe uses a system that came from the French called Paris Points (aka Parisien Prick). One Paris Point equals two-thirds of a centimeter. The system starts at zero centimeters and increases. There are no half sizes. American size 0 is the same as 15 Paris Points.
1 Centimeter (Centimetre) is 10 Millimeters (Millimetres).
1 Inch is 2.54 Centimeters (Centimetres).
Length in Inches = 71/3 + (US Men's shoe size)*1/3
Paris Points = 311/3 + (UK shoe size)*4/3.
A Chinese 7 is a UK 4. That's all I know at the moment about sizes of shoes in China.
Australia and New Zealand use the same shoe sizes as the United Kingdom for boys, men and girls. However, I have seen women's shoe charts where Australia is 1 or 2 sizes bigger than U.K... I added an entry with one size bigger.
Korea measures shoe sizes in millimeters (mm.).
I am told Turkey uses European shoe sizes.
There are two scales used in the U.S. The standard (or "FIA") scale and the common scales. The "common" scale is more widely used. The scales are about ½ size different.
Although different kinds of shoes prefer different measurement systems, I believe the charts work for all kinds of shoes. (With the caveat of the variations mentioned above.) I have been looking into army, military, ski, hiking, climbing boots, ladies pumps, high-heeled, spike and dress shoes, as well as sneakers, designer shoes, gentlemen's shoes, causal, penny loafers, sandals, and other styles. I have not been researching children's shoes in much detail. The sizes above are also good for soccer, golf, running and other sports shoes. I have not tried bowling shoes or blue suede sneakers. I intend to get more detail on Nike, Reebok, and Adidas due to the strong interest in running shoes for people coming to this page.
If you have information or can point me at information about additional measurement systems of systems used by different countries I would be grateful. (I am interested in Latin America and Eastern Europe.)
Russian
and Ukraine shoe sizes taken
from Global7Network.com
NOTE
I am told these values are incorrect. Russia, Ukraine and other
countries of the former USSR use European shoe sizes. There is no
difference for men, women, girls and boys.
In the 1980s a system
using shoe sizes measured in centimeters was introduced. The change
was not widely accepted. You can occasionally find shoes measured in
centimeters, but most are marked with European system.
A good site: Human
Foot Morphology. Studies Japanese feet, but seems generally
applicable. Also foot
measurements.
When measuring feet for shoe size, measure to
the longest toe. The longest is not always the big toe. I couldn't
find any data on this other than Toe
Size Poll.
According to
Extraordinary Origins of
Everyday Things, shoe sizes
were first standardized in 1305 by Britain's King Edward I. An inch
was defined as the length of three contiguous dried barleycorns. A
common children's shoe size was 13 barleycorns, hence the size 13.
From Origins
at Happy Woman magazine.
Also see:
Shoe
tips
Most business sites have
poorly designed shoe size tables, that are prone to user errors and
result in high return rates and a loss of repeat business. Bata
had some well designed pages, but is now reorganizing its site so I
can no longer point to specific links, with the exception of one
great diagram in an Acrobat PDF file: Bata
Comparative Shoe Size Chart.
(I am not endorsing products of
any companies, or the contents of the tables. I am just noting the
page is well structured and is much better than most.)
I don't know, but Shaq
(NBA Basketball player Shaquille O'Neal) wears a 22G shoe. Here is
his shoe
size growth chart.
This
shoe in the Philippine Shoe Capital, Marikina
City is 5.5 meters/16.5 feet
(French size 273).
This
shoe in Hungary
is size 217 (Euro system) or 145 cm. = 1.45 meters = 4.5 feet.
Zappos
in the online Shoppes at Wellington Square carries a U.S. men's size
18EEEEE
shoe.
Bill Clinton and
Abraham Lincoln were the
presidents with the biggest feet. Both wore size 13 shoes. Clinton is
13C.
If you are looking for
FIA (Footwear Industries of America, www.fia.org) for information on
the FIA scale, it is no longer there. In August 2000, the American
Apparel & Footwear Association (AAFA) resulted from the
merger of the two trade associations: the American
Apparel and Manufacturers Association
and Footwear Industries of
America.
(Clearly
these guys don't understand the web. Otherwise they wouldn't have
just abandoned their web address, making it hard for anyone to find
their new home...)
The I18n Guy wears New Balance running shoes. I wear them every day, snow, sleet or rain, and have had the same pair for several years now. Actually, I am tired of them, but they refuse to die. I don't understand how New Balance stays in business. Previously I wore Converse sneaks and replaced them every 6 months since they wore out quickly. (No, New Balance doesn't give me a commission!)
Strongman run
Triathlonit Suomessa
Triathlon in Finland
Ulkoministeri Alexander Stubb pisti kuntonsa perusteelliseen testiin sunnuntaina.
Hän osallistui
triathlonin täysmatkojen EM-kilpailuun Frankfurtissa ja teki
mainion loppuajan 10.35.00.
"Mahtava fiilis. Koko matkan ajan
oli mahtava tunnelma, jota eivät vähentäneet sadat
tuhannet katsojat reitin varrella.
Tämä jää kokemuksena mieleen loppuelämäksi", Stubb totesi.
Suomella on tod näk maailman kovakuntoisin ulkoministeri Telluksella tällä haavaa.
Triathlonin SM-kilpailuissa tuolla ajalla olisi sijoitettu vuonna 2008 sijalle 9 ja voitettu naisten sarja.
Kuntosarjassa oltaisiin oltu toinen, 2 minuutin päässä kullasta.
Vuonna 2007 Stubb olisi ollut 17. ja voitettu naisten sarja. Vuonna 2006 kahdeksas. Vuonna 2005 yhdeksäs, naisissa 1. Vuonna 2004 sijalla 24.
Tulokset
2009: http://www.triathlonteam226.net/tulokset/2009.html
WIKIPEDIA: Triathlon on uinnin, pyöräilyn ja juoksun yhdistelmälaji.
Tärkeimmät triathlon-matkat ovat:
Pikamatka eli sprinttimatka: 750 metriä uintia, 20 kilometriä pyöräilyä ja viisi kilometriä juoksua.
Perusmatka eli "varttimatka" eli olympiamatka: 1,5 kilometriä uintia, 40 kilometriä pyöräilyä ja kymmenen kilometriä juoksua.
Puolimatka: 1,9 kilometriä uintia, 90 kilometriä pyöräilyä ja 21 kilometriä juoksua.
Täysmatka eli Teräsmies-matka: 3,8 kilometriä uintia, 180 kilometriä pyöräilyä ja maraton (42 195 metriä) -juoksu.
Triathlon on syntynyt Kaliforniassa 1970-luvun loppupuolella. Aluksi kilpailumatkat olivat nykyistä huomattavasti lyhyempiä eikä matkan eri osuuksien pituuksia oltu määritelty tarkkaan. Eri yhteydessä matkat poikkesivat toisistaan huomattavasti.
Kun vuonna 1978 Havaijilla järjestettiin ensimmäinen Ironman- eli Teräsmies-kilpailu, se saavutti muutaman vuoden kuluessa suuren näkyvyyden ja sitä kautta laji kasvatti huomattavasti suosiotaan. Siitä asti triathlonin oikeimpana pituutena on pidetty juuri Teräsmies-kisan matkaa, jossa kilpailumatkat ovat 3,8 kilometriä uintia, 180 kilometriä pyöräilyä ja 42 195 metriä juoksua, eli maratonin verran.
Triathlon hyväksyttiin olympialiikkeeseen vuonna 1994 ja se oli ensimmäistä kertaa mukana vuoden 2000 kisoissa Sydneyssä. Olympialaisissa kilpaillaan neljäsosamatkoilla. Ensimmäiset kultamitalistit olivat Kanadan Simon Whitfield ja Sveitsin Brigitte McMahon.
Triathlon Suomessa
Triathlon rantautui Suomeen 1980-luvulla,
ensimmäiset kilpailut käytiin Joroisissa 1983. Ensimmäinen
suomalainen teräsmies oli Magnus Lönnqvist, joka voidaan
pitää suomalaisen triathlonin edelläkävijänä.
Menestynein suomalainen on Pauli Kiuru, joka oli parhaimmillaan 2.
Havaijin Ironman-kilpailussa. 2000 luvun valovoimaisimmat
Suomalaistähdet ovat Mika Luoto (2002 Hawaiji 8. sija) ja Tom
Söderdahl (2005 Hawaiji 8. sija). Triathlon koki Suomessa suuren
"buumin" 80-luvun lopussa ja 90-luvun alussa.
Harrastajamäärät olivat melko suuria, mutta 90-luvun
puolivälissä harrastajamäärät putosivat
selkeästi mutta lähtivät uuteen nousuun 2000 luvun
alkupuolella.
Triathlonin kattojärjestönä
toimii Suomen Triathlonliitto (www.triathlon.fi).
SM-kilpailut 2009
Triathlon
- pikamatka, 7-8.8. TT AquaTerra Kuopio
-
perusmatka, 11.7. Ykspihlajan Reima Kokkola
- puolimatka, 18.7.
Joroisten Sporttiklubi Joroinen
- pitkä matka, 1-2.8.
selvityksen alla
Duathlon
- pikamatka, 6.6.
selvityksen alla
Maastotriathlon
- perusmatka, 14.6. TT
AquaTerra Kuopio
Maastoduathlon
- perusmatka, syyskuussa
Triathlonteam 226
Talvitriathlon
- perusmatka,
huhtikuussa Triathlonteam 226
SUOMEN AINOA KOKOPITKÄ TRIATLON:
Su 2.8.2009
TRIATHLON (3,8/180/42,2,) NOKIA
Järjestäjä:
Triathlonteam226
ry, Putkistontie 7, 37120 Nokia, 0400-183350
Paikka:
Nokian
Keskusurheilukenttä, Hinttalankatu 6, Klo 7:00 (lähtö
Kennonnokan uimarannalta)
Sarjat
ja matkat: Täysi
matka (3800/180/42,2):
- SM Sarjat: M/N Yleinen, M/N23, M/N35,
M/N40, M/N45, M/N50, M/N55, M/N60, M/N65, M/N70 ja M/N75
-
Kuntosarja: Yksilöt M/N kunto
- Kuntosarja: Joukkueviesti
(yhdistys-, yritys- ja sekajoukkueet)
Tulokset
2009: http://www.triathlonteam226.net/tulokset/2009.html
Finnish History, Culture and Nature
http://www.kp-art.fi/default.htm
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