Dinoglyphs



















Evolution of Firefox

Descent of Firefox Logos
Firefox programs in a historical timeline

WIKIPEDIA
Firefox 3.6 displaying Wikipedia's main page.
Original author(s) Mozilla Corporation
Developer(s) Mozilla Corporation
Mozilla Foundation
Initial release November 9, 2004 (2004-11-09)
Stable release 3.6 (January 21, 2010; 31 day(s) ago (2010-01-21)) [+/−]
Preview release 3.7 Alpha 1 (February 10, 2010; 11 day(s) ago (2010-02-10))
[+/−]
Written in C++, XUL, XBL, JavaScript,[2] CSS[3][4]
Operating system GNU
Windows
Mac OS X
Linux
BSD
Solaris
OpenSolaris
Engine Gecko
Size 9.4 MB (Linux)
17.6 MB (Mac OS X)
7.9 MB (Windows)
(all archived)
Available in 75 languages
Development status Active
Type Web browser
FTP client
Gopher client
License MPL/GNU GPL/GNU LGPL/about:rights
Website www.mozilla.com/firefox
Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser descended from the Mozilla
Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. A Net Applications
statistic put Firefox at 24.43% of the recorded usage share of web browsers as
of January 2010[update], making it the second most popular browser in terms of
current use worldwide after Microsoft's Internet Explorer,[5] and the most used
browser independent of any one operating system.[6] Other sources put Firefox's
usage share at between 21% and 32% and generally trending upward.
To display web pages, Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine, which implements
most current web standards in addition to several features which are intended to
anticipate likely additions to the standards.[7]
Latest Firefox features[8] include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental
find, live bookmarking, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware
browsing (also known as "geolocation") based exclusively on a Google service[9]
and an integrated search system that uses Google by default in most
localizations. Functions can be added through add-ons, created by third-party
developers,[10] of which there is a wide selection, a feature that has attracted
many of Firefox's users.
Firefox runs on various versions of GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows and
many other Unix-like operating systems. Its current stable release is version
3.6, released on January 21, 2010[update].[11] Firefox's source code is free
software, released under a tri-license GNU GPL/GNU LGPL/MPL.[12]
History
Firefox 3.6
Firefox 3.5
Firefox 3
Firefox 2
Portable Edition
Firefox History
Firefox Features
Gecko
Add-ons
Extensions
Firefox Market adoption
Origins and Lineage
Netscape Navigator
Mozilla Foundation
Mozilla Suite
Release history
Main article: History of Mozilla Firefox
Browser name Gecko version Version Support status Codename Release date
Significant changes
Phoenix 1.2 0.1 N Pescadero September 23, 2002 First release; customizable
toolbar, quicksearch, tabbed browsing.[70]
0.2 N Santa Cruz October 1, 2002 Sidebar, extension management.
0.3 N Lucia October 14, 2002 Image blocking, pop-up blocking whitelist.
1.3 0.4 N Oceano October 19, 2002 Themes, pop-up blocking improvements, toolbar
customization.
0.5 N Naples December 7, 2002 Multiple homepages, sidebar and accessibility
improvements, history.
Mozilla Firebird 1.5 0.6 N Glendale May 17, 2003 New default theme (Qute),
bookmark and privacy improvements, smooth scrolling, automatic image resizing.
0.7 N Indio October 15, 2003 Automatic scrolling, password manager, preferences
panel improvements.
Mozilla Firefox 1.6 0.8 N Royal Oak February 9, 2004 Windows installer, offline
working, bookmarks and download manager improvements, rebranded with new logo.
1.7 0.9 N One Tree Hill June 15, 2004 New default theme (Winstripe),
comprehensive data migration, new extension/theme manager, reduced download
size, new help system, Linux installer, mail icon (Windows only).
1.0 N Phoenix November 9, 2004 Added new features such as RSS/Atom feed support,
find toolbar, plugin finder. Reached its end of life on April 13, 2006 with the
release of version 1.0.8.[71] (support for older versions of Firefox typically
ends six months after a new major version is available).[72]
1.8 1.5 N Deer Park November 29, 2005 Added support for SVG and canvas, UI
adjustments and improvements in JavaScript 1.5 and CSS 2/3. Reached its end of
life on May 30, 2007 with the release of Firefox 1.5.0.12.[73]
Mozilla Firefox 2 1.8.1 2.0 N Bon Echo October 24, 2006 Added new features such
as session restoration after a browser crash, search suggestion for Google and
Yahoo!, new search plugin manager and add-on manager, web feed previewing,
bookmark microsummaries and Google's anti-phishing protection.[74] Winstripe
theme refresh. Included support for JavaScript 1.7. Reached its end of life on
December 18, 2008 with the release of Firefox 2.0.0.20.[75]
Mozilla Firefox 3 1.9 3.0[76] Y Gran Paradiso June 17, 2008 Cairo used as a
graphics backend. Cocoa Widgets included in OS X builds. APIs implemented from
WHATWG specs. Changes to how DOM events are dispatched, how HTML object elements
are loaded, and how web pages are rendered. New SVG elements and filters, and
improved SVG specification compliance. Acid2 test compliant. New UI
improvements, including default themes for different operating systems and new
download manager. Introduction of Smart Location Bar(aka Awesome Bar).[77]
Windows 95, 98, ME, Mac OS X v10.3.9[78] and lower, and GTK+ 1.2 and lower[79]
no longer supported. Addons.mozilla.org integration in the Add-ons window.
Support for APNG files. Google's "malware protection".[80]
3.0.18 Y February 17, 2010 Security and stability update. Predated by 3.0.1 to
3.0.17.
1.9.1 3.5[81] Y Shiretoko[82] June 30, 2009 Web standards improvements in the
Gecko layout engine. Text API for the <canvas> element. Support for using border
images. Support for JavaScript query selectors. Several improvements to the
Smart Location Bar.[83] Private browsing mode. Google-based location-aware
browsing (geolocation).[9]
3.5.8 Y February 17, 2010 Security and stability update. Predated by 3.5.1 to
3.5.7.
1.9.2 3.6 Y Namoroka[84] January 21, 2010[11] The TraceMonkey JavaScript engine
has continued to get faster. Support for -moz-background-size CSS property, CSS
Gradients, and multiple background images. Notification of out-of-date plugins.
1.9.3 3.7a1 Y N/A† February 10, 2010[85] 3.7 is focused on changes to the user
interface. The browser will be given a home tab similar to those found in
Internet Explorer 8 and Google Chrome. The preferences and add-ons manager
windows will also be redesigned to better assist users. The Gecko layout engine
will be improved to support more HTML5 and CSS3 features.
The Firefox project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by
Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of
Netscape's sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the
utility of the Mozilla browser.[13] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla
Suite's software bloat, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they
intended to replace the Mozilla Suite. On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla
Organization announced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla
Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.[14]
The Firefox project has undergone several name changes. Originally titled
Phoenix, it was renamed because of trademark issues with Phoenix Technologies.
The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird
free database software project.[15][16][17] In response, the Mozilla Foundation
stated that the browser should always bear the name Mozilla Firebird to avoid
confusion with the database software. Continuing pressure from the database
server's development community forced another change; on February 9, 2004,
Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox,[18] often referred to as simply
Firefox. Mozilla prefers that Firefox be abbreviated as Fx or fx, though it is
often abbreviated as FF.[19] The Firefox project went through many versions
before 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004. After a series of stability and
security fixes, the Mozilla Foundation released its first major update, Firefox
version 1.5, on November 29, 2005.
Version 2.0
Main article: Mozilla Firefox 2
On October 24, 2006, Mozilla released Firefox 2. This version includes updates
to the tabbed browsing environment; the extensions manager; the GUI (Graphical
User Interface); and the find, search and software update engines; a new session
restore feature; inline spell checking; and an anti-phishing feature which was
implemented by Google as an extension,[20][21] and later merged into the program
itself.[22] In December 2007, Firefox Live Chat was launched. It allows users to
ask volunteers questions through a system powered by Jive Software, with
guaranteed hours of operation and the possibility of help after hours.[23]
Version 3.0
Main article: Mozilla Firefox 3
Mozilla Firefox 3 was released on June 17, 2008,[24] by the Mozilla Corporation.
Firefox 3 uses version 1.9 of the Mozilla Gecko layout engine for displaying web
pages. This version fixes many bugs, improves standard compliance, and
implements new web APIs.[25] Other new features include a redesigned download
manager, a new "Places" system for storing bookmarks and history, and separate
themes for different operating systems. The latest version under 3.0 is Firefox
3.0.18.
Development stretches back to the first Firefox 3 beta (under the codename 'Gran
Paradiso'[26]) which had been released several months earlier on 19 November
2007,[27] and was followed by several more beta releases in spring 2008
culminating in the June release.[28] Firefox 3 had more than 8 million unique
downloads the day it was released, setting a Guinness World Record.[29]
Version 3.5
Main article: Mozilla Firefox 3.5
Version 3.5, codenamed Shiretoko,[30] adds a variety of new features to Firefox.
Initially numbered Firefox 3.1, Mozilla developers decided to change the
numbering of the release to 3.5, in order to reflect a significantly greater
scope of changes than originally planned.[31] The final release was on June 30,
2009. The changes included much faster performance thanks to an upgrade to
SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine called TraceMonkey and rendering
improvements,[32] and support for the <video> and <audio> tags as defined in the
HTML 5 specification, with a goal to offer video playback without being
encumbered by patent issues associated with many video technologies.[33]
Cross-site XMLHttpRequests (XHR), which can allow for more powerful web
applications and an easier way to implement mashups, are also implemented in
3.5.[34] A new global JSON object contains native functions to efficiently and
safely serialize and deserialize JSON objects, as specified by the ECMAScript
3.1 draft.[35] Full CSS 3 selector support has been added. Firefox 3.5 uses the
Gecko 1.9.1 engine, which includes a few features that were not included in the
3.0 release. Multi-touch support was also added to the release, including
gesture support like pinching for zooming and swiping for back and forward.[36]
Firefox 3.5 also features an updated logo.[37]
Version 3.6
Main article: Mozilla Firefox 3.6
Version 3.6 is the release codenamed Namoroka.[38] Development for this version
started on December 1, 2008,[39] and it was released on January 21, 2010.[11]
This release uses the new Gecko 1.9.2 rendering engine. The first alpha of
version 3.6 was released on August 7, 2009,[40] the first beta was released on
October 30,[41] Beta 2 was released on November 10, Beta 3 was released on
November 17, Beta 4 was released on November 26, Beta 5 was released on December
17,[42] Release Candidate 1 was released January 8, Release Candidate 2 was
released on January 17,[43] and the final version was released on January
21.[11]
New features for Firefox 3.6 include built-in support for Personas (toolbar
skins), notification of out-of-date plugins,[44] full screen playback of Theora
video, support for the WOFF open webfont format,[45] more secure plugin system,
and many performance improvements.[11]
Next on Mozilla's schedule after Firefox 3.6 is a minor update to Firefox 3.6
code-named Lorentz. The major feature of this release will be out-of-process
plug-ins (OOPP), which isolates execution of plug-ins like Adobe's Flash or
Apple's Quicktime into a separate process. Starting with Lorentz, Mozilla also
plans to release non-intrusive changes as minor updates that previously included
only stability and security fixes.[46]
This new development approach means that Mozilla's product road map will also be
updated. Mike Beltzner, Mozilla's director of Firefox, and Mike Shaver,
Mozilla's vice president of engineering, hope to release a new roadmap that
reflects the changes.[46]
Firefox for mobile
Main article: Firefox for mobile
Firefox for mobile, codenamed Fennec, is a web browser for smaller non-PC
devices, mobile phones and PDAs. It was released for the Nokia Maemo operating
system (specifically the Nokia N900 and N810) on January 28, 2010,[47] and is in
development for Windows Mobile and Android.[48]
Firefox for mobile 1.0 uses the same version of the Gecko layout engine as
Firefox 3.6. The user interface is completely redesigned for small screen
optimization, the controls are hidden away so that only the web content is shown
on screen and it uses touchscreen interaction methods. Its features include the
Awesomebar, tabbed browsing, Add-on support, password manager, location-aware
browsing, and the ability to synchronize with the user's computer Firefox
browser using Mozilla Weave.[49]
Future developments
The "About Minefield" box from a typical nightly build of Minefield.The
precursory builds of upcoming Firefox releases are usually codenamed
"Minefield", as this is the name of the trunk builds. Development on the Mozilla
trunk (mozilla-central) is currently directed towards Version 3.7.
Version 3.7
On July 17, 2009, Mozilla posted mockup designs for the Windows version of
Firefox 3.7. The first alpha of version 3.7 was released on February 10, 2010.
Updates include use of Aero glass effects on Windows Vista and Windows 7.[50]
Mockups for Linux and Mac OS X have also been posted.[51][52] Firefox 3.7 may be
released in May-June 2010, and use the Gecko 1.9.3 engine.[53] Mozilla has made
unofficial "nightly builds" (the trunk builds referred to as Minefield)[54]
available for download on the Mozilla FTP Server.[55][56]
On January 15, 2010 Mike Beltzner responded in a blog post to rumors that
Mozilla planned "to drop Firefox 3.7 from its schedule",[57] stating that "The
rumours of Firefox 3.7’s demise have been greatly exaggerated."[58]
Version 4.0
Firefox 4.0 has been tentatively scheduled to use the Gecko 1.9.4 rendering
engine. It has had preliminary user interface mockups for Windows,[59] Mac OS
X,[60] and Linux[61] as a continuation of the ones for version 3.7. Mozilla's
product road map has dated the release of Firefox 4.0 for October-November 2010,
but it might not be released before early 2011.[62] This version will offer a
new user interface and multi-touch gesture support.[63] The official firefox
forums have also given indication that this release will see a 64-bit version of
the browser appearing.
Mozilla 2.0
On October 13, 2006, Brendan Eich, Mozilla's Chief Technology Officer, wrote
about the plans for Mozilla 2, referring to the most comprehensive iteration
(since its creation) of the overall platform on which Firefox and other Mozilla
products run. These changes include improving and removing XPCOM APIs, switching
to standard C++ features, just-in-time compilation with JavaScript 2 (known as
the Tamarin project), and tool-time and runtime security checks.[64][65] It has
also been announced that support for the Gopher protocol will be removed by
default to lessen attack vectors, although it has also been suggested that the
protocol could be retained if someone were to implement Gopher support in a
memory-safe programming language.[66] However, it is unclear which Firefox
release will include Mozilla 2.
Future features
Integral offline application support technology—similar to Gears—is being
developed for Firefox. Mitchell Baker, Mozilla's former Chief Executive Officer,
has said that given the level of investment made in the web as a platform,
taking applications to the next level will require that they continue to work
when a computer is offline.[33][67]
Mozilla development team has also announced a project named "Electrolysis" to
make Firefox multiprocess, similar to implementations done by Google Chrome and
Internet Explorer 8.[68][69]
Builds of Mozilla Firefox 3.7 are not yet separate from "Minefield" nightly
builds and thus have not yet been assigned a codename other than "Minefield" as
they are practically one and the same. Firefox 3.7 builds will likely receive a
separate codename after its builds are distinct from Minefield's bleeding edge
builds. As with branches, builds are produced on a daily and hourly basis. A
date has not yet been set for 3.7 to be branched off of Trunk.
Features
Main article: Features of Mozilla Firefox
Latest Firefox features[8] include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental
find, live bookmarking, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware
browsing (aka "geolocation") based on a Google service[9] and an integrated
search system that uses Google by default in most localizations. Functions can
be added through add-ons, created by third-party developers,[10] of which there
is a wide selection, a feature that has attracted many of Firefox's users.
Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use
built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, or extensions,
such as Firebug.
Standards
Mozilla Firefox implements many web standards, including HTML, XML, XHTML,
MathML, SVG 1.1 (partial),[86] CSS (with extensions[87]), ECMAScript
(JavaScript), DOM, XSLT, XPath, and (animated) PNG images with alpha
transparency.[88] Firefox also implements standards proposals created by the
WHATWG such as client-side storage,[89][90] and canvas element.[91]
The results of the Acid3 test on Firefox 3.6Firefox passes the Acid2
standards-compliance test from version 3.0.[92] Firefox 3.6 does not pass the
Acid3 test; it scores 94/100.[93] Firefox 3.7a1pre does not pass the Acid3 test
either; it scores 96/100.[94]
Firefox also implements[80] a proprietary protocol[95] from Google called
"safebrowsing" (used to exchange data related with "phishing and malware
protection"), which is not an open standard.
Security
Firefox uses a sandbox security model,[96] and limits scripts from accessing
data from other web sites based on the same origin policy.[97] It uses SSL/TLS
to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using
the HTTPS protocol.[98] It also provides support for web applications to use
smartcards for authentication purposes.[99]
The Mozilla Foundation offers a "bug bounty" to researchers who discover severe
security holes in Firefox.[100] Official guidelines for handling security
vulnerabilities discourage early disclosure of vulnerabilities so as not to give
potential attackers an advantage in creating exploits.[101]
Because Firefox has fewer and less severe publicly known unpatched security
vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers),
improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to
Firefox.[102][103][104][105] The Washington Post reports that exploit code for
critical unpatched security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available
for 284 days in 2006. In comparison, exploit code for critical security
vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for 9 days before Mozilla shipped a
patch to remedy the problem.[106]
A 2006 Symantec study showed that although Firefox had surpassed other browsers
in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through September,
these vulnerabilities were patched far more quickly than those found in other
browsers.[107] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox
still had fewer security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer, as counted by
security researchers.[108] As of October 29, 2009, Firefox 3.5 has no unpatched
security vulnerabilities according to Secunia.[109] Internet Explorer 8 has two
unpatched security vulnerabilities, where one is rated "not critical" and the
other "less critical" by Secunia.[110]
In October 2009 Microsoft's security engineers acknowledged that Firefox was
vulnerable since February of that year due to a .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Windows
update that silently installed a buggy 'Windows Presentation Foundation' plug-in
into Firefox.[111]
Portable versions
See also: Portable application
There is a portable edition of Firefox for Windows, which can be used from a USB
Flash drive. This particular distribution makes it possible to run Firefox (and
many of its extensions) on corporate/government networks in lieu of the default
browser. This can be especially helpful for any user who does not possess
administrative rights on the system being used.
System requirements
Browsers compiled from Firefox source code may run on various operating systems;
however, officially distributed binaries are meant for the following: Microsoft
Windows (Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista or Windows
7), Mac OS X 10.4 (or later) and Linux (with the following libraries installed:
GTK+ 2.10 or higher, GLib 2.12 or higher, Pango 1.14 or higher, X.Org 1.0 or
higher *or any TinyX server implementation*). Official minimum hardware
requirements are Pentium 233 MHz and 64 MB RAM for Windows version or Macintosh
computer with an Intel x86 or PowerPC G3, G4, or G5 processor and 128 MB RAM for
Mac version.[112]
64-bit builds
As of Firefox 3.6, Mozilla does not have any official 64-bit builds available.
However, unofficial third-party builds do exist for Windows.[113] In Linux, both
vendor-backed performance optimized stable 64-bit builds exist (such as for
Novell-Suse Linux, Red Hat Linux, and Ubuntu Linux) in addition to the nightly
builds. Official 64-bit builds from Mozilla are being worked on for Windows[114]
and Mac.[115]
Licensing
Firefox source code is free and open source software, and is tri-licensed under
the Mozilla Public License (MPL), GNU General Public License (GPL), and the GNU
Lesser General Public License (LGPL).[12] These licenses permit anyone to view,
modify, and/or redistribute the source code, and several publicly released
applications have been built on it; for example, Netscape, Flock, Miro,
Iceweasel, and Songbird make use of code from Firefox.
In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL,[116] which the FSF
criticizes for being weak copyleft; the license permits, in limited ways,
proprietary derivative works. Additionally, code under the MPL cannot legally be
linked with code under the GPL or the LGPL.[117][118] To address these concerns,
Mozilla re-licensed Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL, GPL, and LGPL.
Since the re-licensing, developers have been free to choose the license under
which they will receive the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL
linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use
(including the possibility of proprietary derivative works) if they choose the
MPL.[116]
Trademark and logo
See also: Mozilla Corporation software rebranded by the Debian project
The generic globe logo used when Firefox is compiled without the official
brandingThe name "Mozilla Firefox" is a registered trademark; along with the
official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions.
Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the
Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on
distributions which modify the underlying source code.[119]
Mozilla not only forbids creating derivative works from Firefox logo (i.e.
modifying it),[120] but also strongly discourages creating independent, but
similar logos.[121]
There has been some controversy over the Mozilla Foundation's intentions in
stopping certain open source distributions from using the "Firefox" trademark.
Former Mozilla CEO Mitchell Baker explained in an interview in 2007 that
distributions could freely use the Firefox trademark if they did not modify
source-code, and that the Mozilla Foundation's only concern was with users
getting a consistent experience when they used "Firefox".[122]
To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the
Firefox source code contains a "branding switch". This switch allows the code to
be compiled without the official logo and name, for example to produce a
derivative work unencumbered by restrictions on the Firefox trademark (this is
also often used for alphas of future Firefox versions). In the unbranded
compilation the trademarked logo and name are replaced with a freely
distributable generic globe logo and the name of the release series from which
the modified version was derived. The name "Deer Park" is used for derivatives
of Firefox 1.5, "Bon Echo" for derivatives of Firefox 2.0, "Gran Paradiso" for
derivatives of Firefox 3.0 and "Shiretoko" is used for derivatives of Firefox
3.5. Derivatives of Firefox 3.6 will most likely be referred to as "Namoroka".
The codename Minefield and a modified version of the generic logo stylized to
look like a bomb is used for unofficial builds of version 3.0 and later, and for
nightly builds of the trunk.
Distributing modified versions of Firefox under the "Firefox" name requires
explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and
requires the use of all of the official branding. For example, it is not
permissible to use the name "Firefox" without also using the official logo. When
the Debian project decided to stop using the official Firefox logo in 2006
(because of copyright restrictions on its use incompatible with the project's
guidelines), they were told by a representative of the Mozilla Foundation that
this was not acceptable, and were asked either to comply with the published
trademark guidelines or cease using the "Firefox" name in their
distribution.[123] Ultimately, Debian switched to branding their modified
version of Firefox "Iceweasel", along with other Mozilla software.
Advertising
The rapid adoption of Firefox, 100 million downloads in its first year of
availability,[124] followed a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting
in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called "marketing
weeks".[125]
On September 12, 2004,[126] a marketing portal dubbed "Spread Firefox" (SFX)
debuted along with the Firefox Preview Release, creating a centralized space for
the discussion of various marketing techniques. The portal enhanced the "Get
Firefox" button program, giving users "referrer points" as an incentive. The
site lists the top 250 referrers. From time to time, the SFX team or SFX members
launch marketing events organized at the Spread Firefox website. As a part of
the Spread Firefox campaign, there is an attempt to break the world download
record with the release of Firefox 3. The idea is to have the newest version
downloaded by as many people as possible within a 24 hour time period.[127]
The "World Firefox Day" campaign started on July 15, 2006,[128] the third
anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation,[129] and ran until
September 15, 2006.[130] Participants registered themselves and a friend on the
website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends
Wall, a digital wall that will be displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla
Foundation.
On February 21, 2008 in honor of reaching 500 million downloads, the Firefox
community celebrated by visiting FreeRice to earn 500 million grains of
rice.[131]
Some of Firefox's contributors made a crop circle of the Firefox logo in wheat
near Unionvale, Oregon, near the intersection of Lafayette Highway and Walnut
Hill Road.[132]
Market adoption
The usage share of web browsers.
Source: Median values from summary table.
Internet Explorer (58.69%; Usage by version number)
Mozilla Firefox (28.04%; Usage by version number)
Google Chrome (5.63%)
Safari (4.97%)
Opera (2.05%)
Other (1.32%)
Usage share of (non-IE) web browsers according to Net Applications data:[5]
Firefox Safari Opera Netscape
Mozilla Chrome Other
Main article: Market adoption of Mozilla Firefox
See also: Usage share of web browsers
Firefox market share overview
According to Net Applications data
— January 2010[133]
Browser % of Fx % of Total
Firefox 1 0.12% 0.03%
Firefox 1.5 0.45% 0.11%
Firefox 2 3.24% 0.79%
Firefox 3 21.67% 5.29%
Firefox 3.5 70.05% 17.10%
Firefox 3.6 4.38% 1.07%
Other† 0.61% 0.15%
All variants[134] 100% 24.43%
^ Other mostly consists of Firefox
versions 1.5 and 1.0 which are
older versions and 3.1 which
is a series of betas for 3.5.
This box: view • talk • edit
Mozilla Firefox's usage share has grown for each growth period since inception,
mostly at the expense of Internet Explorer; Internet Explorer has seen a steady
decline of its usage share since Firefox's release. As of January 2010[update],
according to Net Applications, Firefox had 24.43% worldwide usage share of web
browsers, making it the second most-used browser, after Internet Explorer.[5] It
also reported that Firefox 3.5 is among the top three web browser versions
surpassing Internet Explorer 7.
Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released in
November 2004, and as of July 31, 2009 Firefox has been downloaded over one
billion times.[135] This number does not include downloads using software
updates or those from third-party websites.[136] They do not represent a user
count, as one download may be installed on many machines, one person may
download the software multiple times, or the software may be obtained from a
third party. According to Mozilla, Firefox had more than 300 million users as of
June 2009[update].[137]
Reception
Forbes.com called Firefox the best browser in a 2004 commentary piece,[138] and
PC World named Firefox "Product of the Year" in 2005 on their "100 Best Products
of 2005" list.[139] After the release of Firefox 2 and Internet Explorer 7 in
2006, PC World reviewed both and declared that Firefox was the better
browser.[140] Which? Magazine named Firefox its "Best Buy" web browser.[141] In
2008, CNET.com compared Safari, Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer in their
"Battle of the Browsers" in terms of performance, security, and features, where
Firefox was selected as a favorite.[142]
Performance
Parts of this article (those related to performance) may no longer be up to
date. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available
information, and remove this template when finished. Please see the talk page
for more information. (December 2009)
In December 2005, Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported
high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.[143] Mozilla developers said that the higher
memory use of Firefox 1.5 was at least partially due to the new fast
backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.[144] Other known causes of memory
problems were malfunctioning extensions such as Google Toolbar and some older
versions of Adblock,[145] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat
Reader.[146] When PC Magazine compared memory usage of Firefox 2, Opera 9, and
Internet Explorer 7, they found that Firefox used approximately as much memory
as the other two browsers.[147]
Softpedia also noted that Firefox 1.5 took longer to start up than other
browsers,[148] which was confirmed by browser speed tests. IE 6 launches more
swiftly than Firefox 1.5 on Microsoft Windows since many of its components are
built into Windows and are loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the
issue, a preloader application was created that loads components of Firefox on
startup, similar to Internet Explorer.[149] A Windows Vista feature called
SuperFetch performs a similar task of preloading Firefox if it is used often
enough.
Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra indicate that Firefox 2 uses less memory
than Internet Explorer 7.[140][150] Firefox 3 uses less memory than Internet
Explorer 7, Opera 9.50 Beta, Safari 3.1 Beta, and Firefox 2 in tests performed
by Mozilla, CyberNet, and The Browser World.[151][152][153]
Relationship with Google
The Mozilla Corporation's relationship with Google has been noted in the
media,[154][155] especially with regard to their paid referral agreement. The
release of the anti-phishing protection in Firefox 2 in particular raised
considerable controversy:[156] anti-phishing protection enabled by default is
based on a list updated by twice-hourly downloads to the user's computer from
Google's server.[157] The user cannot change the data provider within the
GUI,[158] and is not informed who the default data provider is. The browser also
sends Google's cookie with each update request.[159] Some[who?] Internet privacy
advocacy groups have expressed concerns surrounding Google's possible uses of
this data, especially that Firefox's privacy policy states that Google may share
information gathered with "safebrowsing" service with third parties, including
business partners.[160] Following Google CEO Eric Schmidt's comments in December
2009 regarding privacy during a CNBC show,[161] Asa Dotzler, Mozilla's director
of community development advised users to switch Firefox's search from Google to
Bing.[162] Google also promoted Mozilla Firefox through YouTube until the
release of Google Chrome. Recently, Mozilla Security assisted the search giant
by pointing out a security flaw in Google's Chrome browser.[163]
In 2005, the Mozilla Foundation and Mozilla Corporation had a combined revenue
of US$52.9 million, with approximately 95 percent derived from search engine
royalties.[164][165] In 2006, the Mozilla Foundation and Mozilla Corporation had
a combined revenue of US$66.9 million, with approximately 90 percent derived
from search engine royalties.[164][166] In 2007, the Mozilla Foundation and
Mozilla Corporation had a combined revenue of US$75 million, with 88 percent of
this sum (US$66 million) from Google.[167][168] In 2008, both Mozilla
organizations had a combined revenue of US$78.6 million, with 91 percent coming
from Google.[169] Mozilla Foundation and Corporation are being audited by the
IRS and some[who?] believe its non-profit status may be called into
question.[167][169][170]
Response from Microsoft
Microsoft's head of Australian operations, Steve Vamos, stated in late 2004 that
he did not see Firefox as a threat and that there was not significant demand for
the feature set of Firefox among Microsoft's users.[171] Microsoft Chairman Bill
Gates has used Firefox, but has commented that "so much software gets downloaded
all the time, but do people actually use it?"[172]
A Microsoft SEC filing on June 30, 2005 acknowledged that "competitors such as
Mozilla offer software that competes with the Internet Explorer Web browsing
capabilities of our Windows operating system products."[173] The release of
Internet Explorer 7 was fast tracked, and included functionality that was
previously available in Firefox and other browsers, such as tabbed browsing and
RSS feeds.[174]
Despite the cold reception from Microsoft's top management, the Internet
Explorer development team maintains a relationship with Mozilla. They meet
regularly to discuss web standards such as extended validation
certificates.[175] In 2005 Mozilla agreed to allow Microsoft to use its Web feed
logo in the interest of common graphical representation of the Web feeds
feature.[176]
In August 2006, Microsoft offered to help Mozilla integrate Firefox with the
then-forthcoming Windows Vista,[177] an offer Mozilla accepted.[178]
In October 2006, as congratulations for a successful ship of Firefox 2, the
Internet Explorer 7 development team sent a cake to Mozilla.[179][180] As a nod
to the browser wars, some readers joked about the cake being poisoned, while
others jokingly suggested that Mozilla send a cake back along with the recipe,
in reference to the open-source software movement.[181] The IE development team
sent another cake on June 17, 2008, upon the successful release of Firefox
3.[182]
In November 2007, Jeff Jones (a "security strategy director" in Microsoft's
Trustworthy Computing Group) criticized Firefox, claiming that Internet Explorer
experienced fewer vulnerabilities and fewer higher severity vulnerabilities than
Firefox in typical enterprise scenarios.[183] Mozilla developer Mike Shaver
discounted the study, citing Microsoft's bundling of security fixes and the
study's focus on fixes, rather than vulnerabilities, as crucial flaws.[184]
.Net Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1
In February 2009, Microsoft released Service Pack 1 for version 3.5 of the .NET
Framework. This update also installed Microsoft .NET Framework Assistant add-on
(enabling ClickOnce support).[185] The update received a moderate amount of
media attention after users discovered that the add-on could not be uninstalled
through the add-ons interface.[186] Several hours after the website
Annoyances.org posted an article regarding this update, Microsoft employee Brad
Abrams posted in his blog Microsoft's explanation for why the add-on was
installed, and also included detailed instructions on how to remove it.[187]
On 16 October 2009, Mozilla blocked all versions of Microsoft .NET Framework
Assistant from being used with Firefox and from the Mozilla Add-ons
service.[188] Two days later, the add-on was removed from the blocklist after
confirmation from Microsoft that it is not a vector for
vulnerabilities.[189][190] The latest version of the Microsoft .NET Framework
Assistant (version 1.1, released on June 10, 2009 to the Mozilla Add-ons
service) allows the user to disable and uninstall in the normal fashion.[191]
Vulnerability statistics
Firefox security vulnerabilities have been patched relatively quickly.
Symantec's Internet Security Threat Report Vol. 10, based on data from the first
half of 2006, reported that while Firefox had more public vulnerabilities than
Internet Explorer during that time period (47 vs. 38), Firefox's vulnerabilities
were fixed on average one day after the exploit code was made available, as
compared to nine days for Internet Explorer.
Some[who?] have speculated that as Firefox becomes more popular, more
vulnerabilities will be found,[192] a claim that Mitchell Baker, president of
the Mozilla Foundation, has denied: "There is this idea that market share alone
will make you have more vulnerabilities. It is not relational at all."[193]
Expert and media coverage
The United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) stated in October
2004 that Internet Explorer's design makes it very difficult to secure. In
contrast, almost none of their concerns apply to Firefox.[194]
There are a number of significant vulnerabilities in technologies relating to
the IE domain/zone security model, local file system (Local Machine Zone) trust,
the Dynamic HTML (DHTML) document object model (in particular, proprietary DHTML
features), the HTML Help system, MIME type determination, the graphical user
interface (GUI), and ActiveX... IE is integrated into Windows to such an extent
that vulnerabilities in IE frequently provide an attacker significant access to
the operating system.
Some security experts, including Bruce Schneier[195] and David A. Wheeler,[196]
recommended that users should stop using Internet Explorer for normal browsing,
and switch to a different browser instead; Wheeler specifically recommended
Firefox.
Several technology columnists have suggested the same, including Wall Street
Journal columnist Walter S. Mossberg,[102] Washington Post columnist Rob
Pegoraro,[197] USA Today’s Byron Acohido and Jon Swartz,[198] Forbes's Arik
Hesseldahl,[199] eWEEK.com Senior Editor Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols,[200] and
Desktop Pipeline’s Scot Finnie.[201]
Awards
Mozilla Firefox has been given a number of awards by various organizations.
These awards include:
PC Magazine Editors' Choice, June 2008[202]
CNET Editors' Choice, June 2008[203]
PC World 100 Best Products of 2008, May 2008[204]
Webware 100 winner, April 2008[205]
Webware 100 winner, June 2007[206]
PC World 100 Best Products of 2007, May 2007[207]
PC Magazine Editors' Choice, October 2006[208]
CNET Editors' Choice, October 2006[209]
PC World's 100 Best Products of 2006, July 2006[210]
PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award, Software and Development Tools category,
January 2006[211]
PC Magazine Best of the Year Award, December 27, 2005[212]
PC Pro Real World Award (Mozilla Foundation), December 8, 2005[213]
CNET Editors' Choice, November 2005[214]
UK Usability Professionals' Association Award Best Software Application 2005,
November 2005[215]
Macworld Editor's Choice with a 4.5 Mice Rating, November 2005[216]
Softpedia User’s Choice Award, September 2005[217]
TUX 2005 Readers' Choice Award, September 2005[218]
PC World Product of the Year, June 2005[219]
Forbes Best of the Web, May 2005[220]
PC Magazine Editor’s Choice Award, May 2005[221]
See also
Free software portal
Browser wars
Comparison of web browsers
History of Mozilla Firefox
List of Firefox extensions
List of web browsers
Mozilla Prism
Timeline of web browsers
The Book of Mozilla
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Firefox, which is free at www.mozilla.org. It's not only more secure but also
more modern and advanced, with tabbed browsing, which allows multiple pages to
be open on one screen, and a better pop-up ad blocker than the belated one
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